Occurs commonly on fruit trees (apple, peach, loquat etc;) (Morris 1937); Coll. On olive, oleander. Heavy infestations frequently in coastal zone (Georghiou 1977); Citrus sp., Ficus sp., Nerium oleander, Oleae europeae (Şişman & Ülgentürk, 2010); On F. microcarpa (Compton et al. 2020b); In Cyprus the black scale, Saissetia oleae (Olivier), was first recorded on olive (Olea europaea L.) by Solomides (1913) and presented by Morris (1936) as not abundant on olive and quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) and as an occasional pest of citrus trees (Citrus spp.). Georghiou (1977) found it on olive and oleander (Nerium oleander L.) and Orphanides (unpublished data) recorded it on several wild plants. This scale is well known for its high potential rate of multiplication. Such numerical increase, however, is not found when natural control agents operate satisfactorily, maintaining a natural balance. This was the case until the mid seventies when black scale outbreaks occurred in various parts of Cyprus (Orphanides, 1985). The sudden increase of black scale populations was faced by olive growers with panic and repeated chemical control treatments. Some growers resorted to pruning, ranging from light to renewal. An in-depth bioecological study of the pest was therefore initiated to better understand the scale's behaviour and the structure of the relevant biotic factors. This study determined the significance and distribution of the biological control agents that were associated with the black scale (Orphanides, 1988). Further, Orphanides (1990) investigated the bioecology of the pest and proposed an explanation for the development of the pest outbreaks (Orphanides 1993).