Metaphycus lounsburyi
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Alien:
Between 1988 and 1989, M. lounsburyi from France was introduced into Cyprus (Orphanides 1993). A total of 81,000 individuals were released (Orphanides 1993). The species turned out to be very efficient; due to the combined effect of M. lounsburyi and M. helvolus (Section 1.50.6), S. oleae population densities reduced from outbreak level to almost non-existence and remained at low levels after the discontinuation of these releases (Orphanides 1993).
ARI (1987) Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and natural resources, Annual Report For 1987, Nicosia, pp 90.
Orphanides GM (1993) Control of Saissetia oleae (Hom.: Coccidae) in Cyprus through establishment of Metaphycus barletti and M. helvolus (Hym: Encyrtidae). Entomophaga 38(2): 235-239. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02372558
Gerber E, Schaffner U (2016) Review of invertebrate biological control agents introduced into Europe.CABI Switzerland, Rue des Grillons 1, CH-2800, 1-194.